Jan Tschichold 1922
-at this time, typography as an independent area didn't exist
Guilliaume Apollinaire 1916 Calligram, poet, words wrote visually
→early evidence of typography
Futurism, encouraged typography because up until then, text was conventional and a safe place
1925 Piet Zwart
-Dutch photographer, typographer, and industrial designer
He was influenced by the De Stijl movement, which focused on the essentials of form, colour and line, but later moved to a more functional design aesthetic.
From his wikipedia page
-De Stijl movement, also known as Neoplasticism. Advocated very simple designs, reductions in form and colour. Kind of geometrical. De Stijl is the name of a journal published by Dutch painter, Theo Van Doesburg
(photo of Theo Van Doesburg)
Other Artist of De Stijl:
Karel Teige 1928
Kurt Schwitters
-uses typography as an image
-Dada movement, an art movement that formed during the First World War in response to the horrors of the war.
-Also participated in Constructivist and Surrealism.
He worked in many mediums including painting, poetry, installation art, sculpture, graphic design and typography
From here
El Lissitzky
El Lissitzky was a Russian born artist, designer, typographer, photographer and architect who designed many exhibitions and propaganda for the Soviet Union in the early 20th century.
from here
-supermatist movement(based on geometric forms, formed from the idea of pure artistic feeling), influential to Bauhaus movement and constructivism movements
-using typography as a form of image
Bauhaus
→conscious grid in graphic design
Herbert Bayer
Jan Tschichold
-experimenting with composition
-absolute reject of old ways of doing typography, later rejected this idea after world war two, saying that an extreme way of thinking is the same as tyranny
swiss.missamothoftype
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